Because of this specialization and the layman is aware that no surgeon could now work in all areas. He has to choose a subject and learn the surgical method, which corresponds to the state in this field of research and derWissenschaft. Preference is given to the methods of surgery, which have the best long-term results and the lowest complication rates.

Minimally invasive as possible is to operate while the goal of modern surgical methods, but often it is not without the conventional surgical methods, such as the large abdominal incision. A surgical treatment method and is always part of the overall treatment approach, for example in oncology, the interaction of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

In the thoracic surgery and abdominal surgery is often operates nor conventional. But many operations make it today to give up the wide opening of body cavities: the keyhole surgery has long since found recognition as a gentle surgical operation method. With endoscopic devices are minimally invasive procedures performed.

The laparoscopy – mirroring the abdominal cavity – allows the removal of the gallbladder or ovarian cancer diseased women. Hernias also be operated as gently. With Arthroscopy – knee Mirroring – can operate meniscus and cruciate ligament injuries. Also in neurosurgery, the endoscope is used when surgery is performed, for example, a herniated disk and used implants.