When foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease that is caused by picornaviruses. It is notifiable. Especially cattle and pigs are affected. However, other cloven-hoofed animals, including goats and sheep and a number of wild animals, such as Deer, roe deer and hedgehogs can become infected. People are not usually affected, but it can in close contact with infected animals come to an infection, but is largely asymptomatic. Symptoms may include fever, his nausea, fatigue and headache and body pains.
The transmission of foot and mouth disease occurs through contact with infected animals and infected materials of any kind This may include the clothing of people are who have come into contact with animals or tires that have come into contact with feces of infected animals or by other animals that need not itself be infected, the virus has picked up but somewhere in the plains and fields, eg Mice or birds. But even through the air can be a transfer.
Symptoms in all cases, the occurrence of lesions, ulceration (aphthae) in the foot and mouth area, which give the disease its name. They also, however, also affects the udders of infected cows and the heart muscle and therefore leads inevitably to death especially in young animals.
Since the pathogens are very resistant and even after months in infested stables, in the soil and survive other affected localities, extensive disinfection of affected farms imperative.
Although foot and mouth disease may heal and the affected cattle can be prevented by vaccinations, especially the latter constitutes a trade barrier, since the vaccinated animals have antibodies in their blood and thus can not be assured that they are free of Viruses are infectious. Therefore, there is since 1992 a non-vaccination policy in the EU.
Imposed in case of suspected foot and mouth disease has killed livestock and therefore the respective long-range locking and quarantine measures. These often deal with a zone of 3 km around the affected farms, but which may be extended.
Tags: foot and mouth disease, pathogens, picornaviruses
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